package com.code.bolg.utils;


import static java.lang.System.arraycopy;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.image.DataBufferInt;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/*
 * Copyright 2014 Dhyan Blum
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
/**
 * <p>
 * A decoder capable of processing a GIF data stream to render the graphics
 * contained in it. This implementation follows the official
 * <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/GIF/spec-gif89a.txt">GIF
 * specification</A>.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * Example usage:
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 *
 * <pre>
 * final GifImage gifImage = GifDecoder.read(int[] data);
 * final int width = gifImage.getWidth();
 * final int height = gifImage.getHeight();
 * final int frameCount = gifImage.getFrameCount();
 * for (int i = 0; i < frameCount; i++) {
 * 	final BufferedImage image = gifImage.getFrame(i);
 * 	final int delay = gif.getDelay(i);
 * }
 * </pre>
 *
 * </p>
 *
 * @author Dhyan Blum
 * @version 1.09 November 2017
 *
 */
public final class GifDecoder {
    static final class BitReader {
        private int bitPos; // Next bit to read
        private int numBits; // Number of bits to read
        private int bitMask; // Use to kill unwanted higher bits
        private byte[] in; // Data array

        // To avoid costly bounds checks, 'in' needs 2 more 0-bytes at the end
        private final void init(final byte[] in) {
            this.in = in;
            bitPos = 0;
        }

        private final int read() {
            // Byte indices: (bitPos / 8), (bitPos / 8) + 1, (bitPos / 8) + 2
            int i = bitPos >>> 3; // Byte = bit / 8
            // Bits we'll shift to the right, AND 7 is the same as MODULO 8
            final int rBits = bitPos & 7;
            // Byte 0 to 2, AND to get their unsigned values
            final int b0 = in[i++] & 0xFF, b1 = in[i++] & 0xFF, b2 = in[i] & 0xFF;
            // Glue the bytes together, don't do more shifting than necessary
            final int buf = ((b2 << 8 | b1) << 8 | b0) >>> rBits;
            bitPos += numBits;
            return buf & bitMask; // Kill the unwanted higher bits
        }

        private final void setNumBits(final int numBits) {
            this.numBits = numBits;
            bitMask = (1 << numBits) - 1;
        }
    }

    static final class CodeTable {
        private final int[][] tbl; // Maps codes to lists of colors
        private int initTableSize; // Number of colors +2 for CLEAR + EOI
        private int initCodeSize; // Initial code size
        private int initCodeLimit; // First code limit
        private int codeSize; // Current code size, maximum is 12 bits
        private int nextCode; // Next available code for a new entry
        private int nextCodeLimit; // Increase codeSize when nextCode == limit
        private BitReader br; // Notify when code sizes increases

        public CodeTable() {
            tbl = new int[4096][1];
        }

        private final int add(final int[] indices) {
            if (nextCode < 4096) {
                if (nextCode == nextCodeLimit && codeSize < 12) {
                    codeSize++; // Max code size is 12
                    br.setNumBits(codeSize);
                    nextCodeLimit = (1 << codeSize) - 1; // 2^codeSize - 1
                }
                tbl[nextCode++] = indices;
            }
            return codeSize;
        }

        private final int clear() {
            codeSize = initCodeSize;
            br.setNumBits(codeSize);
            nextCodeLimit = initCodeLimit;
            nextCode = initTableSize; // Don't recreate table, reset pointer
            return codeSize;
        }

        private final void init(final GifFrame fr, final int[] activeColTbl, final BitReader br) {
            this.br = br;
            final int numColors = activeColTbl.length;
            initCodeSize = fr.firstCodeSize;
            initCodeLimit = (1 << initCodeSize) - 1; // 2^initCodeSize - 1
            initTableSize = fr.endOfInfoCode + 1;
            nextCode = initTableSize;
            for (int c = numColors - 1; c >= 0; c--) {
                tbl[c][0] = activeColTbl[c]; // Translated color
            } // A gap may follow with no colors assigned if numCols < CLEAR
            tbl[fr.clearCode] = new int[] { fr.clearCode }; // CLEAR
            tbl[fr.endOfInfoCode] = new int[] { fr.endOfInfoCode }; // EOI
            // Locate transparent color in code table and set to 0
            if (fr.transpColFlag && fr.transpColIndex < numColors) {
                tbl[fr.transpColIndex][0] = 0;
            }
        }
    }

    final class GifFrame {
        // Graphic control extension (optional)
        // Disposal: 0=NO_ACTION, 1=NO_DISPOSAL, 2=RESTORE_BG, 3=RESTORE_PREV
        private int disposalMethod; // 0-3 as above, 4-7 undefined
        private boolean transpColFlag; // 1 Bit
        private int delay; // Unsigned, LSByte first, n * 1/100 * s
        private int transpColIndex; // 1 Byte
        // Image descriptor
        private int x; // Position on the canvas from the left
        private int y; // Position on the canvas from the top
        private int w; // May be smaller than the base image
        private int h; // May be smaller than the base image
        private int wh; // width * height
        private boolean hasLocColTbl; // Has local color table? 1 Bit
        private boolean interlaceFlag; // Is an interlace image? 1 Bit
        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
        private boolean sortFlag; // True if local colors are sorted, 1 Bit
        private int sizeOfLocColTbl; // Size of the local color table, 3 Bits
        private int[] localColTbl; // Local color table (optional)
        // Image data
        private int firstCodeSize; // LZW minimum code size + 1 for CLEAR & EOI
        private int clearCode;
        private int endOfInfoCode;
        private byte[] data; // Holds LZW encoded data
        private BufferedImage img; // Full drawn image, not just the frame area
    }

    public final class GifImage {
        public String header; // Bytes 0-5, GIF87a or GIF89a
        private int w; // Unsigned 16 Bit, least significant byte first
        private int h; // Unsigned 16 Bit, least significant byte first
        private int wh; // Image width * image height
        public boolean hasGlobColTbl; // 1 Bit
        public int colorResolution; // 3 Bits
        public boolean sortFlag; // True if global colors are sorted, 1 Bit
        public int sizeOfGlobColTbl; // 2^(val(3 Bits) + 1), see spec
        public int bgColIndex; // Background color index, 1 Byte
        public int pxAspectRatio; // Pixel aspect ratio, 1 Byte
        public int[] globalColTbl; // Global color table
        private final List<GifFrame> frames = new ArrayList<GifFrame>(64);
        public String appId = ""; // 8 Bytes at in[i+3], usually "NETSCAPE"
        public String appAuthCode = ""; // 3 Bytes at in[i+11], usually "2.0"
        public int repetitions = 0; // 0: infinite loop, N: number of loops
        private BufferedImage img = null; // Currently drawn frame
        private int[] prevPx = null; // Previous frame's pixels
        private final BitReader bits = new BitReader();
        private final CodeTable codes = new CodeTable();
        private Graphics2D g;

        private final int[] decode(final GifFrame fr, final int[] activeColTbl) {
            codes.init(fr, activeColTbl, bits);
            bits.init(fr.data); // Incoming codes
            final int clearCode = fr.clearCode, endCode = fr.endOfInfoCode;
            final int[] out = new int[wh]; // Target image pixel array
            final int[][] tbl = codes.tbl; // Code table
            int outPos = 0; // Next pixel position in the output image array
            codes.clear(); // Init code table
            bits.read(); // Skip leading clear code
            int code = bits.read(); // Read first code
            int[] pixels = tbl[code]; // Output pixel for first code
            arraycopy(pixels, 0, out, outPos, pixels.length);
            outPos += pixels.length;
            try {
                while (true) {
                    final int prevCode = code;
                    code = bits.read(); // Get next code in stream
                    if (code == clearCode) { // After a CLEAR table, there is
                        codes.clear(); // no previous code, we need to read
                        code = bits.read(); // a new one
                        pixels = tbl[code]; // Output pixels
                        arraycopy(pixels, 0, out, outPos, pixels.length);
                        outPos += pixels.length;
                        continue; // Back to the loop with a valid previous code
                    } else if (code == endCode) {
                        break;
                    }
                    final int[] prevVals = tbl[prevCode];
                    final int[] prevValsAndK = new int[prevVals.length + 1];
                    arraycopy(prevVals, 0, prevValsAndK, 0, prevVals.length);
                    if (code < codes.nextCode) { // Code table contains code
                        pixels = tbl[code]; // Output pixels
                        arraycopy(pixels, 0, out, outPos, pixels.length);
                        outPos += pixels.length;
                        prevValsAndK[prevVals.length] = tbl[code][0]; // K
                    } else {
                        prevValsAndK[prevVals.length] = prevVals[0]; // K
                        arraycopy(prevValsAndK, 0, out, outPos, prevValsAndK.length);
                        outPos += prevValsAndK.length;
                    }
                    codes.add(prevValsAndK); // Previous indices + K
                }
            } catch (final ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            }
            return out;
        }

        private final int[] deinterlace(final int[] src, final GifFrame fr) {
            final int w = fr.w, h = fr.h, wh = fr.wh;
            final int[] dest = new int[src.length];
            // Interlaced images are organized in 4 sets of pixel lines
            final int set2Y = (h + 7) >>> 3; // Line no. = ceil(h/8.0)
            final int set3Y = set2Y + ((h + 3) >>> 3); // ceil(h-4/8.0)
            final int set4Y = set3Y + ((h + 1) >>> 2); // ceil(h-2/4.0)
            // Sets' start indices in source array
            final int set2 = w * set2Y, set3 = w * set3Y, set4 = w * set4Y;
            // Line skips in destination array
            final int w2 = w << 1, w4 = w2 << 1, w8 = w4 << 1;
            // Group 1 contains every 8th line starting from 0
            int from = 0, to = 0;
            for (; from < set2; from += w, to += w8) {
                arraycopy(src, from, dest, to, w);
            } // Group 2 contains every 8th line starting from 4
            for (to = w4; from < set3; from += w, to += w8) {
                arraycopy(src, from, dest, to, w);
            } // Group 3 contains every 4th line starting from 2
            for (to = w2; from < set4; from += w, to += w4) {
                arraycopy(src, from, dest, to, w);
            } // Group 4 contains every 2nd line starting from 1 (biggest group)
            for (to = w; from < wh; from += w, to += w2) {
                arraycopy(src, from, dest, to, w);
            }
            return dest; // All pixel lines have now been rearranged
        }

        private final void drawFrame(final GifFrame fr) {
            // Determine the color table that will be active for this frame
            final int[] activeColTbl = fr.hasLocColTbl ? fr.localColTbl : globalColTbl;
            // Get pixels from data stream
            int[] pixels = decode(fr, activeColTbl);
            if (fr.interlaceFlag) {
                pixels = deinterlace(pixels, fr); // Rearrange pixel lines
            }
            // Create image of type 2=ARGB for frame area
            final BufferedImage frame = new BufferedImage(fr.w, fr.h, 2);
            arraycopy(pixels, 0, ((DataBufferInt) frame.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData(), 0, fr.wh);
            // Draw frame area on top of working image
            g.drawImage(frame, fr.x, fr.y, null);

            // Visualize frame boundaries during testing
            // if (DEBUG_MODE) {
            // if (prev != null) {
            // g.setColor(Color.RED); // Previous frame color
            // g.drawRect(prev.x, prev.y, prev.w - 1, prev.h - 1);
            // }
            // g.setColor(Color.GREEN); // New frame color
            // g.drawRect(fr.x, fr.y, fr.w - 1, fr.h - 1);
            // }

            // Keep one copy as "previous frame" in case we need to restore it
            prevPx = new int[wh];
            arraycopy(((DataBufferInt) img.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData(), 0, prevPx, 0, wh);

            // Create another copy for the end user to not expose internal state
            fr.img = new BufferedImage(w, h, 2); // 2 = ARGB
            arraycopy(prevPx, 0, ((DataBufferInt) fr.img.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData(), 0, wh);

            // Handle disposal of current frame
            if (fr.disposalMethod == 2) {
                // Restore to background color (clear frame area only)
                g.clearRect(fr.x, fr.y, fr.w, fr.h);
            } else if (fr.disposalMethod == 3 && prevPx != null) {
                // Restore previous frame
                arraycopy(prevPx, 0, ((DataBufferInt) img.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData(), 0, wh);
            }
        }

        /**
         * Returns the background color of the first frame in this GIF image. If
         * the frame has a local color table, the returned color will be from
         * that table. If not, the color will be from the global color table.
         * Returns 0 if there is neither a local nor a global color table.
         *
         * @param index
         *            Index of the current frame, 0 to N-1
         * @return 32 bit ARGB color in the form 0xAARRGGBB
         */
        public final int getBackgroundColor() {
            final GifFrame frame = frames.get(0);
            if (frame.hasLocColTbl) {
                return frame.localColTbl[bgColIndex];
            } else if (hasGlobColTbl) {
                return globalColTbl[bgColIndex];
            }
            return 0;
        }

        /**
         * If not 0, the delay specifies how many hundredths (1/100) of a second
         * to wait before displaying the frame <i>after</i> the current frame.
         *
         * @param index
         *            Index of the current frame, 0 to N-1
         * @return Delay as number of hundredths (1/100) of a second
         */
        public final int getDelay(final int index) {
            return frames.get(index).delay;
        }

        /**
         * @param index
         *            Index of the frame to return as image, starting from 0.
         *            For incremental calls such as [0, 1, 2, ...] the method's
         *            run time is O(1) as only one frame is drawn per call. For
         *            random access calls such as [7, 12, ...] the run time is
         *            O(N+1) with N being the number of previous frames that
         *            need to be drawn before N+1 can be drawn on top. Once a
         *            frame has been drawn it is being cached and the run time
         *            is more or less O(0) to retrieve it from the list.
         * @return A BufferedImage for the specified frame.
         */
        public final BufferedImage getFrame(final int index) {
            if (img == null) { // Init
                img = new BufferedImage(w, h, 2); // 2 = ARGB
                g = img.createGraphics();
                g.setBackground(new Color(0, true)); // Transparent color
            }
            GifFrame fr = frames.get(index);
            if (fr.img == null) {
                // Draw all frames until and including the requested frame
                for (int i = 0; i <= index; i++) {
                    fr = frames.get(i);
                    if (fr.img == null) {
                        drawFrame(fr);
                    }
                }
            }
            return fr.img;
        }

        /**
         * @return The number of frames contained in this GIF image
         */
        public final int getFrameCount() {
            return frames.size();
        }

        /**
         * @return The height of the GIF image
         */
        public final int getHeight() {
            return h;
        }

        /**
         * @return The width of the GIF image
         */
        public final int getWidth() {
            return w;
        }
    }

    static final boolean DEBUG_MODE = false;

    /**
     * @param in
     *            Raw image data as a byte[] array
     * @return A GifImage object exposing the properties of the GIF image.
     * @throws IOException
     *             If the image violates the GIF specification or is truncated.
     */
    public static final GifImage read(final byte[] in) throws IOException {
        final GifDecoder decoder = new GifDecoder();
        final GifImage img = decoder.new GifImage();
        GifFrame frame = null; // Currently open frame
        int pos = readHeader(in, img); // Read header, get next byte position
        pos = readLogicalScreenDescriptor(img, in, pos);
        if (img.hasGlobColTbl) {
            img.globalColTbl = new int[img.sizeOfGlobColTbl];
            pos = readColTbl(in, img.globalColTbl, pos);
        }
        while (pos < in.length) {
            final int block = in[pos] & 0xFF;
            switch (block) {
                case 0x21: // Extension introducer
                    if (pos + 1 >= in.length) {
                        throw new IOException("Unexpected end of file.");
                    }
                    switch (in[pos + 1] & 0xFF) {
                        case 0xFE: // Comment extension
                            pos = readTextExtension(in, pos);
                            break;
                        case 0xFF: // Application extension
                            pos = readAppExt(img, in, pos);
                            break;
                        case 0x01: // Plain text extension
                            frame = null; // End of current frame
                            pos = readTextExtension(in, pos);
                            break;
                        case 0xF9: // Graphic control extension
                            if (frame == null) {
                                frame = decoder.new GifFrame();
                                img.frames.add(frame);
                            }
                            pos = readGraphicControlExt(frame, in, pos);
                            break;
                        default:
                            throw new IOException("Unknown extension at " + pos);
                    }
                    break;
                case 0x2C: // Image descriptor
                    if (frame == null) {
                        frame = decoder.new GifFrame();
                        img.frames.add(frame);
                    }
                    pos = readImgDescr(frame, in, pos);
                    if (frame.hasLocColTbl) {
                        frame.localColTbl = new int[frame.sizeOfLocColTbl];
                        pos = readColTbl(in, frame.localColTbl, pos);
                    }
                    pos = readImgData(frame, in, pos);
                    frame = null; // End of current frame
                    break;
                case 0x3B: // GIF Trailer
                    return img; // Found trailer, finished reading.
                default:
                    // Unknown block. The image is corrupted. Strategies: a) Skip
                    // and wait for a valid block. Experience: It'll get worse. b)
                    // Throw exception. c) Return gracefully if we are almost done
                    // processing. The frames we have so far should be error-free.
                    final double progress = 1.0 * pos / in.length;
                    if (progress < 0.9) {
                        throw new IOException("Unknown block at: " + pos);
                    }
                    pos = in.length; // Exit loop
            }
        }
        return img;
    }

    /**
     * @param is
     *            Image data as input stream. This method will read from the
     *            input stream's current position. It will not reset the
     *            position before reading and won't reset or close the stream
     *            afterwards. Call these methods before and after calling this
     *            method as needed.
     * @return A GifImage object exposing the properties of the GIF image.
     * @throws IOException
     *             If an I/O error occurs, the image violates the GIF
     *             specification or the GIF is truncated.
     */
    public static final GifImage read(final InputStream is) throws IOException {
        final byte[] data = new byte[is.available()];
        is.read(data, 0, data.length);
        return read(data);
    }

    /**
     * @param ext
     *            Empty application extension object
     * @param in
     *            Raw data
     * @param i
     *            Index of the first byte of the application extension
     * @return Index of the first byte after this extension
     */
    static final int readAppExt(final GifImage img, final byte[] in, int i) {
        img.appId = new String(in, i + 3, 8); // should be "NETSCAPE"
        img.appAuthCode = new String(in, i + 11, 3); // should be "2.0"
        i += 14; // Go to sub-block size, it's value should be 3
        final int subBlockSize = in[i] & 0xFF;
        // The only app extension widely used is NETSCAPE, it's got 3 data bytes
        if (subBlockSize == 3) {
            // in[i+1] should have value 01, in[i+5] should be block terminator
            img.repetitions = in[i + 2] & 0xFF | in[i + 3] & 0xFF << 8; // Short
            return i + 5;
        } // Skip unknown application extensions
        while ((in[i] & 0xFF) != 0) { // While sub-block size != 0
            i += (in[i] & 0xFF) + 1; // Skip to next sub-block
        }
        return i + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @param in
     *            Raw data
     * @param colors
     *            Pre-initialized target array to store ARGB colors
     * @param i
     *            Index of the color table's first byte
     * @return Index of the first byte after the color table
     */
    static final int readColTbl(final byte[] in, final int[] colors, int i) {
        final int numColors = colors.length;
        for (int c = 0; c < numColors; c++) {
            final int a = 0xFF; // Alpha 255 (opaque)
            final int r = in[i++] & 0xFF; // 1st byte is red
            final int g = in[i++] & 0xFF; // 2nd byte is green
            final int b = in[i++] & 0xFF; // 3rd byte is blue
            colors[c] = ((a << 8 | r) << 8 | g) << 8 | b;
        }
        return i;
    }

    /**
     * @param ext
     *            Graphic control extension object
     * @param in
     *            Raw data
     * @param i
     *            Index of the extension introducer
     * @return Index of the first byte after this block
     */
    static final int readGraphicControlExt(final GifFrame fr, final byte[] in, final int i) {
        fr.disposalMethod = (in[i + 3] & 0b00011100) >>> 2; // Bits 4-2
        fr.transpColFlag = (in[i + 3] & 1) == 1; // Bit 0
        fr.delay = in[i + 4] & 0xFF | (in[i + 5] & 0xFF) << 8; // 16 bit LSB
        fr.transpColIndex = in[i + 6] & 0xFF; // Byte 6
        return i + 8; // Skipped byte 7 (blockTerminator), as it's always 0x00
    }

    /**
     * @param in
     *            Raw data
     * @param img
     *            The GifImage object that is currently read
     * @return Index of the first byte after this block
     * @throws IOException
     *             If the GIF header/trailer is missing, incomplete or unknown
     */
    static final int readHeader(final byte[] in, final GifImage img) throws IOException {
        if (in.length < 6) { // Check first 6 bytes
            throw new IOException("Image is truncated.");
        }
        img.header = new String(in, 0, 6);
        if (!img.header.equals("GIF87a") && !img.header.equals("GIF89a")) {
            throw new IOException("Invalid GIF header.");
        }
        return 6;
    }

    /**
     * @param fr
     *            The GIF frame to whom this image descriptor belongs
     * @param in
     *            Raw data
     * @param i
     *            Index of the first byte of this block, i.e. the minCodeSize
     * @return
     */
    static final int readImgData(final GifFrame fr, final byte[] in, int i) {
        final int fileSize = in.length;
        final int minCodeSize = in[i++] & 0xFF; // Read code size, go to block
        final int clearCode = 1 << minCodeSize; // CLEAR = 2^minCodeSize
        fr.firstCodeSize = minCodeSize + 1; // Add 1 bit for CLEAR and EOI
        fr.clearCode = clearCode;
        fr.endOfInfoCode = clearCode + 1;
        final int imgDataSize = readImgDataSize(in, i);
        final byte[] imgData = new byte[imgDataSize + 2];
        int imgDataPos = 0;
        int subBlockSize = in[i] & 0xFF;
        while (subBlockSize > 0) { // While block has data
            try { // Next line may throw exception if sub-block size is fake
                final int nextSubBlockSizePos = i + subBlockSize + 1;
                final int nextSubBlockSize = in[nextSubBlockSizePos] & 0xFF;
                arraycopy(in, i + 1, imgData, imgDataPos, subBlockSize);
                imgDataPos += subBlockSize; // Move output data position
                i = nextSubBlockSizePos; // Move to next sub-block size
                subBlockSize = nextSubBlockSize;
            } catch (final Exception e) {
                // Sub-block exceeds file end, only use remaining bytes
                subBlockSize = fileSize - i - 1; // Remaining bytes
                arraycopy(in, i + 1, imgData, imgDataPos, subBlockSize);
                imgDataPos += subBlockSize; // Move output data position
                i += subBlockSize + 1; // Move to next sub-block size
                break;
            }
        }
        fr.data = imgData; // Holds LZW encoded data
        i++; // Skip last sub-block size, should be 0
        return i;
    }

    static final int readImgDataSize(final byte[] in, int i) {
        final int fileSize = in.length;
        int imgDataPos = 0;
        int subBlockSize = in[i] & 0xFF;
        while (subBlockSize > 0) { // While block has data
            try { // Next line may throw exception if sub-block size is fake
                final int nextSubBlockSizePos = i + subBlockSize + 1;
                final int nextSubBlockSize = in[nextSubBlockSizePos] & 0xFF;
                imgDataPos += subBlockSize; // Move output data position
                i = nextSubBlockSizePos; // Move to next sub-block size
                subBlockSize = nextSubBlockSize;
            } catch (final Exception e) {
                // Sub-block exceeds file end, only use remaining bytes
                subBlockSize = fileSize - i - 1; // Remaining bytes
                imgDataPos += subBlockSize; // Move output data position
                break;
            }
        }
        return imgDataPos;
    }

    /**
     * @param fr
     *            The GIF frame to whom this image descriptor belongs
     * @param in
     *            Raw data
     * @param i
     *            Index of the image separator, i.e. the first block byte
     * @return Index of the first byte after this block
     */
    static final int readImgDescr(final GifFrame fr, final byte[] in, int i) {
        fr.x = in[++i] & 0xFF | (in[++i] & 0xFF) << 8; // Byte 1-2: left
        fr.y = in[++i] & 0xFF | (in[++i] & 0xFF) << 8; // Byte 3-4: top
        fr.w = in[++i] & 0xFF | (in[++i] & 0xFF) << 8; // Byte 5-6: width
        fr.h = in[++i] & 0xFF | (in[++i] & 0xFF) << 8; // Byte 7-8: height
        fr.wh = fr.w * fr.h;
        final byte b = in[++i]; // Byte 9 is a packed byte
        fr.hasLocColTbl = (b & 0b10000000) >>> 7 == 1; // Bit 7
        fr.interlaceFlag = (b & 0b01000000) >>> 6 == 1; // Bit 6
        fr.sortFlag = (b & 0b00100000) >>> 5 == 1; // Bit 5
        final int colTblSizePower = (b & 7) + 1; // Bits 2-0
        fr.sizeOfLocColTbl = 1 << colTblSizePower; // 2^(N+1), As per the spec
        return ++i;
    }

    /**
     * @param img
     * @param i
     *            Start index of this block.
     * @return Index of the first byte after this block.
     */
    static final int readLogicalScreenDescriptor(final GifImage img, final byte[] in, final int i) {
        img.w = in[i] & 0xFF | (in[i + 1] & 0xFF) << 8; // 16 bit, LSB 1st
        img.h = in[i + 2] & 0xFF | (in[i + 3] & 0xFF) << 8; // 16 bit
        img.wh = img.w * img.h;
        final byte b = in[i + 4]; // Byte 4 is a packed byte
        img.hasGlobColTbl = (b & 0b10000000) >>> 7 == 1; // Bit 7
        final int colResPower = ((b & 0b01110000) >>> 4) + 1; // Bits 6-4
        img.colorResolution = 1 << colResPower; // 2^(N+1), As per the spec
        img.sortFlag = (b & 0b00001000) >>> 3 == 1; // Bit 3
        final int globColTblSizePower = (b & 7) + 1; // Bits 0-2
        img.sizeOfGlobColTbl = 1 << globColTblSizePower; // 2^(N+1), see spec
        img.bgColIndex = in[i + 5] & 0xFF; // 1 Byte
        img.pxAspectRatio = in[i + 6] & 0xFF; // 1 Byte
        return i + 7;
    }

    /**
     * @param in
     *            Raw data
     * @param pos
     *            Index of the extension introducer
     * @return Index of the first byte after this block
     */
    static final int readTextExtension(final byte[] in, final int pos) {
        int i = pos + 2; // Skip extension introducer and label
        int subBlockSize = in[i++] & 0xFF;
        while (subBlockSize != 0 && i < in.length) {
            i += subBlockSize;
            subBlockSize = in[i++] & 0xFF;
        }
        return i;
    }
}
